![]() Various factors in absorber design and increased dusting of soda lime due to high-flow techniques and lack of wetting are described. (3/183)A case report of soda-lime dust contamination of the breathing circuit of an anesthesia machine causing bronchospasm in a patient is presented. Soda-lime dust contamination of breathing circuits. CONCLUSIONS: The new material is an effective carbon dioxide absorbent and is chemically unreactive with sevoflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane. In contrast, concentrations of carbon monoxide were negligible (1-3 ppm) when the anhydrous new absorbent was exposed to the same anesthetics. After dehydration of the traditional soda limes, immediate exposure to desflurane (60%), enflurane (2%), and isoflurane (2%) produced concentrations of carbon monoxide of 600.0 +/- 10.0 ppm, 580.0 +/- 9.8 ppm, and 620.0 +/-10.1 ppm, respectively. In the same experiment, mean +/-SD concentrations of compound A (32.5 +/- 4.5 ppm) were observed when both traditional brands of soda lime were used. When the new material was exposed to sevoflurane (2%) in oxygen at a flow rate of 1 l/min, concentrations of compound A did not increase above those found in the parent drug (1.3-3.3 ppm). RESULTS: The new carbon dioxide absorbent conformed to United States Pharmacopeia specifications in terms of carbon dioxide absorption, granule hardness, and porosity. ![]() The performance data and inertness of the absorbent were compared with two currently available brands of soda lime: Intersorb (Intersurgical Ltd., Berkshire, United Kingdom) and Dragersorb (Drager, Lubeck, Germany). Additionally, the new absorbent was exposed in vitro to sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane, and enflurane to determine whether these anesthetics were degraded to either compound A or carbon monoxide. METHODS: The resultant mixture was formulated and subjected to standardized tests for hardness, porosity, and carbon dioxide absorption. The absorbent mixture does not contain sodium or potassium hydroxide but includes two setting agents (calcium sulphate and polyvinylpyrrolidine) to improve hardness and porosity. The absorbent consists of calcium hydroxide with a compatible humectant, namely, calcium chloride. (2/183)BACKGROUND: This article describes a carbon dioxide absorbent for use in anesthesia. ( +info)Īmsorb: a new carbon dioxide absorbent for use in anesthetic breathing systems. The factors that can produce a successful vital pulp cap are discussed in conjunction with two popular techniques. It is realized now that the variable prognosis of vital pulp capping is predominately a restorative issue. Researchers have demonstrated that exposed pulps will heal and form reparative dentin. Clinicians are well aware of the immediate and long-term success rates after root canal therapy, but are less certain of the success of vital pulp capping. ![]() (1/183)Despite the progress made in the field of pulp biology, the technique and philosophy of direct vital pulp capping remains a controversial subject. The optimum temperature range for formation and durability of CaMg3(SO4)4 was 700-800☌.Vital pulp capping: a worthwhile procedure. The presence of CaMg3(SO4)4 was fixed in a large temperature range 400-900☌ and that of ß-MgSO4 in between 500-700☌. In addition to CaSO4 the formation of Ca,Mg-double sulphate CaMg3(SO4)4 and ß-MgSO4 was observed. The results of the present study confirmed the active participation of MgO in the binding of SO2 into the solid phase. Besides, dolomite and limestone samples with different MgO/CaO mole ratio (from 1.24 to 0.13) and samples of ashes formed at combustion of Estonian oil shale (containing 35-40% of carbonates) and its semicoke were studied Initial samples, intermediate and final products were subjected to chemical, IR-spectroscopy, X-ray and BET specific surface area analyses. Experiments of SO2 binding into solid phase using model samples of reactive grade MgO and CaO varying the mole ratio of MgO/CaO from 9:1 to 1:9 were carried out. ABSTRACT Summary The results of investigation of MgO participation in the binding of SO2 with lime-containing materials as sorbents are presented.
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